What field of study are Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch most credited for founding?

Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch are primarily credited with founding the field of microbiology due to their groundbreaking work in understanding microorganisms and their roles in disease. Pasteur's research involved discovering the principles of vaccination, microbial fermentation, and pasteurization, which highlighted the relationship between microbes and health. Meanwhile, Koch developed methods to isolate specific bacteria, leading to the identification of pathogens responsible for diseases such as tuberculosis and anthrax. His formulation of Koch's Postulates provided a framework for linking specific microbes to specific diseases, a fundamental aspect of microbiology. Together, their contributions laid the foundation for modern microbiological science, making the study of microorganisms essential for advancements in medicine and public health.