Which term describes materials that can kill bacteria?

The term that specifically describes materials capable of killing bacteria is "bactericidal." Bactericidal agents are substances that lead to the death of bacteria, effectively reducing their population in a given environment. This action is particularly crucial in healthcare settings where controlling bacterial growth is essential to preventing infections.

Antiseptics, on the other hand, are agents that inhibit the growth of bacteria but do not necessarily kill them outright. They are often used on living tissues to reduce the possibility of infections. Antimicrobials encompass a broader category of substances that can target various microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. While some antimicrobial agents are bactericidal, many function primarily to prevent growth rather than kill. Disinfectants are chemical agents used primarily on inanimate surfaces to reduce or eliminate bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens. They are generally more potent than antiseptics and are intended for use on non-living objects.

Thus, while all these terms relate to controlling microbial life, "bactericidal" is uniquely tailored to indicate the ability to kill bacteria specifically, making it the correct answer.